PAT Testing for UK Landlords 2026: Is It Legal?

Why PAT matters for landlords

If you supply electrical appliances (kettle, microwave, lamps, vacuum, etc.), you are expected to keep them safe and be able to show you took reasonable steps. That is separate from the EICR on your fixed wiring, but equally easy to forget across a portfolio.

Why landlords focus on PAT:

• Tenant safety: faulty leads or Class I appliances can cause shock or fire; a PAT-style check plus visual inspection is strong evidence you did not ignore obvious risk.
• Due diligence: if something goes wrong, dated records (who tested, when, pass/fail) matter as much as the test itself.
• Insurance and agents: many policies and letting agents expect a documented schedule for supplied items, often annual on high-use kit unless your risk assessment supports longer gaps.
• HMOs and furnished stock: more appliances and higher turnover usually means tighter discipline on retest dates and handover notes.

Tracking "last PAT" and "next due" per property stops PAT living in a separate spreadsheet from Gas Safety and EICR. LetCompliance doesn't send PAT engineers. You book a local competent person for the visit, then log the date and the next due date in the property's Safety & PAT tab, so it sits with your other certificate dates.

Not legal advice. England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland differ on detail; check your insurer and tenancy terms.

PAT vs EICR: what is the difference?

• EICR (Electrical Installation Condition Report): Inspects the fixed installation: wiring, consumer unit and circuits. Mandatory on a five-year cycle for private rented homes in England. See the EICR guide.
• PAT (Portable Appliance Testing): Focuses on movable items the landlord supplies, such as kettles, toasters, microwaves, lamps, fans and vacuum cleaners. Typically includes visual inspection, earth continuity, and insulation tests with a pass/fail record.

PAT does not replace an EICR. Both can be part of a sensible safety strategy.

Is PAT legally required for every landlord?

There is no single statute that says "landlords must PAT test annually" in all cases. The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 apply to employers and duty holders in a broad sense; HSE guidance emphasises risk assessment and maintenance of electrical equipment so it stays safe.

For private landlords, the practical position is:

• If you supply appliances, you should assess risk and maintain them
• PAT by a competent person is a recognised way to demonstrate due diligence
• Many insurers and agents expect 12-month retest intervals for high-use items; low-risk items may be on longer cycles if your risk assessment supports it

Document what you test, who did it, and when.

What appliances should landlords PAT test?

Typical furnished or part-furnished stock includes:

• Kitchen: kettle, microwave, toaster (if provided)
• Living areas: lamps, TVs (portable leads), extension leads you own
• Cleaning: vacuum if supplied
• White goods: some items are fixed or hard-wired, and those fall under installation safety and EICR/maintenance, not "portable PAT" in the everyday sense

Tenant-owned equipment is usually the tenant's responsibility unless your agreement says otherwise.

Records, labels and tenancy handover

After testing, engineers often attach pass labels with dates. Keep a digital log (photos of labels, spreadsheet, or LetCompliance Safety & PAT) showing appliance description, location, test date, next due, and engineer details. On move-in, give tenants basic instructions (e.g. do not overload sockets) and ask them to report faults immediately.

If an appliance fails, remove it or repair before re-letting. Do not leave a failed item in service.

Where the evidence should live

Everything above comes down to one question you may be asked years later: can you show the appliance was safe when you supplied it? Not that you meant to check it, but that you did, and when.

LetCompliance records the appliances you supply against the property, each with its test date, notes and the certificate or invoice attached. If a council asks a licensed HMO for a safety declaration, you answer from a record rather than from memory. The same property record holds the gas, electrical and EPC dates with reminders before each runs out, the inventory with photos that shows which appliances are yours, and the 0 to 100 compliance score, so PAT sits with everything else you need to let the place.

LetCompliance is software, not an electrician. You book the contractor; it keeps the result dated and on file.

Related: Smoke and CO alarms in England, EICR cost guide.

The precise legal position, because most guides overstate it

It is worth being exact here, because a lot of landlord content implies annual PAT testing is the law. It is not.

In the general private rented sector there is no statutory requirement to PAT test. What the law requires is that electrical equipment you supply is safe. That comes from the Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 2016, and from your general obligation to keep the property fit to live in under the Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) Act 2018 and section 11 of the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985.

PAT is not the duty. PAT is the most convenient evidence that you met the duty.

Licensed HMOs are different, and this is the part worth knowing. The Housing Act 2004 mandatory licence conditions require the licence holder to keep supplied electrical appliances and furniture in a safe condition, and to supply the local authority with a declaration as to their safety on demand. Note the shape of that duty: it is a declaration, not a PAT certificate. But signing a declaration about appliances you have never inspected is an uncomfortable position, which is why PAT is standard practice in licensed HMOs even though the regulations do not name it.

The HSE's position on frequency is also risk-based rather than a fixed annual rule. A kettle in a student HMO and a table lamp in a family let do not carry the same risk, and the interval should reflect that.

What this means in practice

Strip out the legal detail and the operational answer is straightforward.

If you let unfurnished and supply no appliances, there is very little to test. Note that fact in the inventory, because the record that you supplied nothing is itself useful.

If you supply appliances in a standard let, a visual check at every changeover plus PAT on anything with a plug that you provided, at sensible intervals, comfortably discharges the duty. Most landlords land on testing at tenancy changeover, which conveniently coincides with the inventory.

If you run a licensed HMO, test and keep the certificate. You have a declaration to sign and a council that can ask for it.

What is never yours: appliances the tenant brings. Their kettle is their problem, and PAT testing it would arguably make it your responsibility. Record in the inventory which appliances are yours and which arrived with the tenant.

Costs are modest: roughly £1 to £3 per item, with a minimum call-out of £50 to £80, so a typical furnished flat is £60 to £120. Bundle it with the EICR or the gas check and it is usually cheaper still.